High prices of fuel, fertilizer and other essentials are forcing farmers in Thailand and elsewhere to skip a planting season to avoid losing money on their harvests.
The Trump administration, sidestepping a widening battle in the Strait of Hormuz, said it was anticipating a reply from Tehran on its latest terms for ending the war.
The secretary of state was in Italy to help smooth relations between the U.S. and the Vatican after President Trump's repeated criticism of Pope Leo XIV.
The "self-defense strikes" followed attacks on three American naval vessels, though none of the warships was hit, U.S. Central Command said in a statement.
A confidential CIA assessment delivered to the White House finds Iran can withstand the naval blockade for months and retains a substantial missile and drone arsenal.