Armed guards, bollards and secretive precautions became part of life amid antisemitic attacks and blurred lines between anger at Israel and hatred of Jews.
The attacker killed at last week's Hanukkah celebration in Australia came from a Muslim area whose residents have long gone abroad to seek better lives.
The Syrian government did not comment directly on the extensive American strikes targeting the Islamic State on Friday, but said it was intensifying its own efforts to fight the group.
A man in Austria was charged in the death of his girlfriend after leaving her behind, in a case testing ideas of freedom and responsibility in the mountains.